Nuevas Perspectivas sobre la Muerte Súbita Inesperada en Epilepsia en el Síndrome de Dravet

El síndrome de Dravet es una forma rara y grave de epilepsia que comienza en la primera infancia, presentando desafíos significativos tanto para los pacientes como para sus familias. Uno de los riesgos más devastadores asociados con el síndrome de Dravet es la muerte súbita inesperada en epilepsia (SUDEP, por sus siglas en inglés), la principal causa de mortalidad prematura en esta condición. Un reciente artículo científico, Spotlight on Mechanism of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy in Dravet Syndrome, ofrece información crucial sobre la conexión entre el síndrome de Dravet y la SUDEP, arrojando luz sobre los posibles mecanismos genéticos y fisiológicos, así como explorando enfoques terapéuticos prometedores para reducir este riesgo.

¿Qué es la SUDEP y por qué es una preocupación en el síndrome de Dravet?

La SUDEP se define como la muerte súbita e inesperada de una persona con epilepsia, sin una causa identificable como traumatismos o ahogamiento. En el síndrome de Dravet, el riesgo de SUDEP es significativamente mayor que en otras formas de epilepsia, con estudios que indican que representa casi la mitad de todas las muertes en pacientes con síndrome de Dravet. La naturaleza impredecible de la SUDEP la convierte en una preocupación profunda tanto para las familias como para los profesionales sanitarios, siendo necesario una comprensión más profunda de sus causas y estrategias de prevención.

Vínculos Genéticos entre el Síndrome de Dravet y la SUDEP

La mayoría de los casos de síndrome de Dravet son causados por mutaciones en el gen SCN1A, que afecta el funcionamiento de los canales de sodio en el cerebro, provocando un desequilibrio entre las señales excitatorias e inhibitorias. Además de la mutación en el gen SCN1A, los modificadores genéticos —genes que pueden agravar o mitigar la gravedad del síndrome de Dravet— pueden llegar a desempeñar un papel en la determinación de la susceptibilidad de un individuo a la SUDEP. Por ejemplo, mutaciones en los genes SCN9A o CACNB4 podrían exacerbar los síntomas epilépticos, aumentando indirectamente el riesgo de SUDEP, mientras que mutaciones en otros genes modificadores podrían ofrecer efectos protectores.

Estas perspectivas genéticas subrayan la complejidad del síndrome de Dravet y la SUDEP, sugiriendo que los enfoques personalizados basados en el perfil genético del paciente podrían llegar a ser clave para manejar la condición y reducir los riesgos de mortalidad.

Mecanismos Fisiológicos detrás de la SUDEP en el síndrome de Dravet

El artículo describe varios mecanismos fisiológicos que pueden contribuir a la SUDEP en pacientes con síndrome de Dravet:

1. Desequilibrio Neuronal: Las mutaciones en el gen SCN1A afectan principalmente a las neuronas inhibitorias, lo que lleva a una hiperexcitabilidad en las redes neuronales del cerebro. Este desequilibrio aumenta la frecuencia y gravedad de las crisis, un factor de riesgo ya de por sí importante para la SUDEP.

2. Disfunción Cardíaca: Los pacientes con síndrome de Dravet pueden llegar a experimentar ritmos cardíacos irregulares, debido a desequilibrios en el sistema nervioso autónomo. Esto podría llegar a intensificarse durante las crisis epilépticas, lo que podría conducir a eventos cardíacos fatales.

3. Disfunción Respiratoria: Las crisis epilépticas en el síndrome de Dravet pueden interrumpir la respiración normal, causando apnea central u obstructiva y una privación severa de oxígeno. Este paro respiratorio inducido por las crisis es un contribuyente crítico a la SUDEP, con estudios que muestran que la insuficiencia respiratoria a menudo precede al paro cardíaco.

4. Riesgos Relacionados con el Sueño: La SUDEP en el síndrome de Dravet ocurre frecuentemente durante el sueño, posiblemente debido a ritmos circadianos alterados y a la regulación del ciclo sueño-vigilia, que están influenciados por mutaciones en SCN1A en regiones cerebrales como el núcleo supraquiasmático.

Estos mecanismos suelen interactuar, creando una cascada de eventos que pueden culminar en SUDEP. Por ejemplo, una crisis puede desencadenar una disfunción respiratoria, que a su vez afecta la función cardíaca, especialmente durante el sueño cuando el monitoreo es limitado.

Avances en el Tratamiento para Reducir el Riesgo de SUDEP

Dada la naturaleza farmacorresistente del síndrome de Dravet a los medicamentos convencionales, el manejo de las crisis epilépticas y la reducción del riesgo de SUDEP requieren un enfoque multifacético. El artículo discute varias estrategias terapéuticas:

Tratamientos Farmacológicos: Los medicamentos anticrisis de primera línea, como el ácido valproico, son comúnmente utilizados en el síndrome de Dravet, pero algunos de los nuevos medicamentos anticrisis indicados para el síndrome de Dravet se dirigen a vías específicas para reducir la frecuencia de las crisis y podrían disminuir el riesgo de SUDEP.

Intervenciones No Farmacológicas: La dieta cetogénica, con un régimen alto en grasas y bajo en carbohidratos, ha demostrado cierta efectividad para reducir las crisis epilépticas y mejorar las tasas de supervivencia en pacientes con síndrome de Dravet. Sin embargo, sus posibles efectos secundarios cardíacos requieren un monitoreo cuidadoso. Las técnicas de neuromodulación, como la estimulación del nervio vago, también están siendo exploradas, aunque se necesita más investigación para confirmar su eficacia en el síndrome de Dravet.

Terapias Avanzadas: Las terapias avanzadas en desarrollo para el síndrome de Dravet buscan restaurar la función normal de SCN1A. Los ensayos clínicos iniciales están mostrando que estas terapias pueden llegar a reducir las crisis epilépticas y mejorar asimismo aspectos no epilépticos, con el potencial de disminuir el riesgo de SUDEP, ofreciendo esperanza al tratarse de tratamientos dirigidos a la causa subyacente del síndrome de Dravet.

Mirando hacia el Futuro: Esperanza para los Pacientes y Familias con Síndrome de Dravet

Este artículo subraya la necesidad urgente de continuar investigando los mecanismos de la SUDEP en el síndrome de Dravet para desarrollar estrategias de prevención efectivas. Los avances en bioinformática y estudios genéticos están allanando el camino para la medicina personalizada, permitiendo a los clínicos adaptar los tratamientos según el perfil genético y clínico único de cada paciente. Al combinar terapias farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, así como las que vienen en camino, hay un optimismo creciente de que la carga del síndrome de Dravet y el riesgo de SUDEP puedan llegar a reducirse.

En la Fundación Síndrome de Dravet, creemos firmemente que cada paso en la investigación nos acerca más a un futuro donde las familias puedan vivir con menos miedo y más esperanza. Cada avance, desde nuevas terapias hasta un mayor conocimiento sobre la SUDEP, es un rayo de luz para nuestra comunidad. Juntos, podemos transformar los desafíos del síndrome de Dravet en oportunidades para innovar, apoyar y construir un mundo donde cada paciente tenga la posibilidad de alcanzar su máximo potencial.

Sigamos luchando, informándonos y apoyándonos mutuamente. En la Fundación Síndrome de Dravet, estamos comprometidos con acompañar a las familias en este camino, promoviendo la investigación y ofreciendo recursos que empoderen a nuestra comunidad. Porque cada vida cuenta, y juntos podemos marcar la diferencia. Para obtener más información sobre el síndrome de Dravet y cómo puedes apoyarnos, visita https://dravetfoundation.eu.

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TERMS & CONDITIONS

The Dravet Syndrome Conference 2023 is organised by Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain, whose registered office is located at Calle Doctor Fleming, 30, 28036 Madrid, Spain.

The conference shall take place at the Official College of Nursing of Madrid, at Avenida de Menéndez Pelayo, 93, 28007 Madrid, Spain, on Thursday 23rd of March 2023. Attendance to this conference is free of charge, but mandatory for organisational reasons.

Participants must register online at www.dravetconference.com. Upon registration, each participant will receive an electronic confirmation by email. On-site registration will not be be possible. If a participant has not received the official email registration confirmation within 3 days, they must contact the conference secretariat at [email protected].

The conference registration includes: Attendance to all sessions, oral and visual presentations, all coffee and lunch breaks, and conference documentation with all information about the event. The registration does not include travel and accommodation costs or any other personal expenses.

Admittance to the conference without registration cannot be granted.

Conference Attendance
Upon arrival at the Official College of Nursing of Madrid the day of the event, all participants have to check-in at the onsite Conference Registration Desk. The desk will open on 23rd of March at 8:30 a.m. Upon registration onsite, the conference team will provide participants with information about the event and a badge, which should be worn visibly at all times. The personalised badge authorises participants to attend all conference sessions, and lunch and coffee breaks.

Cancellation Policy
Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain reserves the right to cancel any registration forthwith and without liability on its part in the event of any damage to, or destruction of the venue by fire, shortage of labour, strikes, industrial unrest, public health measures, or any other cause beyond the control of the Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain, which shall prevent it from performing its obligations. In these circumstances, every effort will be made to find an alternative format/venue or propose a new date for the conference. Should the conference be cancelled for any reason, airfares, hotels, or other costs incurred by the participants are not reimbursed by the Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain.

Any participant is allowed to cancel his/her registration but must notify this to the conference organisers by e-mail at [email protected] within a minimum of 10 days prior the event. Failure to attend the event without prior written notification by email may incur a no-show fee, which shall cover individual organizational, material and catering costs.

Name Change
All registrations are only valid for the respective person mentioned in the form. A registered participant unable to attend the conference may nominate (free of charge) a substitute participant by notifying the conference organisers by email at [email protected] before 16th of March 2023. The procedure allows giving the last name, first name, and email address of the new participant.

Personal Data
Upon registration, the participant authorises Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain to use their personal data stated above to inform the participant of any further conferences, events, or information concerning the conference and Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain’s activities. The conference booklet online will only contain authors, titles, and affiliations of submitted abstracts, but no full abstract texts. The conference printed booklet will contain full abstract texts from all participants. Conference certificates will be sent to the participants as a PDF document upon request at [email protected]. Only the name & affiliation will be stated in the certificate, not the email addresses of the participants.

Information is collected by an automated computer system that manages registrations. Security and confidentiality are guaranteed by state-of-the-art technical tools. However, Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain declines any responsibility concerning data security transmitted through the internet.

Photography
The conference is held in public; therefore, we do not ban participants, exhibitors, partners and other companies from taking photographs of conference activities and participants, and share it via social media. By participating in the conference, you approve that general pictures will be taken and used for our Social Media output, our websites and other communication purposes. You hereby waive any right to oppose, and expressly authorise the organiser to make them available on the Internet or as it may seem fit. Author’s presentation slides shall not be photographed by any conference participant. 

Disclaimer
The conference organiser cannot be held responsible for any loss, injury or damage to any property, whatever the cause may be. Should, for any reason outside the organiser’s control (e.g., political or economic circumstances or a case of ‘force majeure’), the venue or speakers change, or the event be cancelled, the organiser will endeavour to reschedule, but shall not be held responsible for any costs, damages or expenses incurred by the participants. If for any reason the organiser decides to make material changes to this conference, the organiser is not responsible for airfares, hotels or other costs incurred by the participants. The participant takes part in the conference, all tours, and trips at his own risk.

Copyright
The participant is allowed to use the conference documentation exclusively for his/her personal needs.

TERMS & CONDITIONS

The European Dravet Syndrome Advanced Therapies (EDSAT) Meeting 2023 is organised by Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain, whose registered office is located at Calle Doctor Fleming, 30, 28036 Madrid, Spain.

The conference shall take place at the Official College of Nursing of Madrid, at Avenida de Menéndez Pelayo, 93, 28007 Madrid, Spain, on Friday 24th of March 2023. Attendance to this conference is free of charge, but mandatory for organisational reasons.

Participants must register online at www.dravetconference.com. Upon registration, each participant will receive an electronic confirmation by email. On-site registration will not be be possible. If a participant has not received the official email registration confirmation within 3 days, they must contact the conference secretariat at [email protected].

The conference registration includes: Attendance to all sessions, oral and visual presentations, all coffee and lunch breaks, and conference documentation with all information about the event. The registration does not include travel and accommodation costs or any other personal expenses.

Admittance to the conference without registration cannot be granted.

Conference Attendance
Upon arrival at the Official College of Nursing of Madrid the day of the event, all participants have to check-in at the onsite Conference Registration Desk. The desk will open on 24th of March at 8:30 a.m. Upon registration onsite, the conference team will provide participants with information about the event and a badge, which should be worn visibly at all times. The personalised badge authorises participants to attend all conference sessions, and lunch and coffee breaks.

Cancellation Policy
Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain reserves the right to cancel any registration forthwith and without liability on its part in the event of any damage to, or destruction of the venue by fire, shortage of labour, strikes, industrial unrest, public health measures, or any other cause beyond the control of the Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain, which shall prevent it from performing its obligations. In these circumstances, every effort will be made to find an alternative format/venue or propose a new date for the conference. Should the conference be cancelled for any reason, airfares, hotels, or other costs incurred by the participants are not reimbursed by the Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain.

Any participant is allowed to cancel his/her registration but must notify this to the conference organisers by e-mail at [email protected] within a minimum of 10 days prior the event. Failure to attend the event without prior written notification
by email may incur a no-show fee, which shall cover individual organizational, material and catering costs.

Name Change
All registrations are only valid for the respective person mentioned in the form. A registered participant unable to attend the conference may nominate (free of charge) a substitute participant by notifying the conference organisers by email at [email protected] before 17th of March 2023. The procedure allows giving the last name, first name, and email address of the new participant.

Personal Data
Upon registration, the participant authorises Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain to use their personal data stated above to inform the participant of any further conferences, events, or information concerning the conference and Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain’s activities. The conference booklet online will only contain authors, titles, and affiliations of submitted abstracts, but no full abstract texts. The conference printed booklet will contain full abstract texts from all participants. Conference certificates will be sent to the participants as a PDF document upon request at [email protected]. Only the name & affiliation will be stated in the certificate, not the email addresses of the participants.

Information is collected by an automated computer system that manages registrations. Security and confidentiality are guaranteed by state-of-the-art technical tools. However, Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain declines any responsibility concerning data security transmitted through the internet.

Photography
The conference is held in public; therefore, we do not ban participants, exhibitors, partners and other companies from taking photographs of conference activities and participants, and share it via social media. By participating in the conference, you approve that general pictures will be taken and used for our Social Media output, our websites and other communication purposes. You hereby waive any right to oppose, and expressly authorise the organiser to make them available on the Internet or as it may seem fit. Author’s presentation slides shall not be photographed by any conference participant.

Disclaimer
The conference organiser cannot be held responsible for any loss, injury or damage to any property, whatever the cause may be. Should, for any reason outside the organiser’s control (e.g., political or economic circumstances or a case of ‘force majeure’), the venue or speakers change, or the event be cancelled, the organiser will endeavour to reschedule, but shall not be held responsible for any costs, damages or expenses incurred by the participants. If for any reason the organiser decides to make material changes to this conference, the organiser is not responsible for airfares, hotels or other costs incurred by the participants. The participant takes part in the conference, all tours, and trips at his own risk.

Copyright
The participant is allowed to use the conference documentation exclusively for his/her personal needs.

TERMS & CONDITIONS

The European Dravet Syndrome Advanced Therapies (EDSAT) Meeting 2022 is organised by Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain, whose registered office is located at Calle Doctor Fleming, 30, 28036 Madrid, Spain.

The conference shall take place at the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid, at Calle de Santa Isabel, 51, 28012 Madrid, Spain, on Friday 1st of April 2022. Attendance to this conference is free of charge, but mandatory for organisational reasons. Participants must register online at www.dravetconference.com. Upon registration, each participant will receive an electronic confirmation by email. On-site registration will not be be possible. If a participant has not received the official email registration confirmation within 3 days, they must contact the conference secretariat at [email protected].

The conference registration includes: Attendance to all sessions, oral and visual presentations, all coffee and lunch breaks, and conference documentation with all information about the event. The registration does not comprise travelling and accommodation costs or any other personal expenses.

Admittance to the workshop without registration cannot be granted.

Conference Attendance
Upon arrival at the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid the day of the event, all participants have to register at the onsite Conference Registration Desk. The desk will open on 1st of April at 8:30 a.m. Upon registration onsite, the conference team will provide participants with information about the event and a badge, which should be worn visibly at all times. The personalised badge authorises participants to attend all conference sessions, and lunch and coffee breaks.

Cancellation Policy
Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain reserves the right to cancel any registration forthwith and without liability on its part in the event of any damage to, or destruction of the venue by fire, shortage of labour, strikes, industrial unrest, public health measures, or any other cause beyond the control of the Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain, which shall prevent it from performing its obligations. In these circumstances, every effort will be made to find an alternative format/venue or propose a new date for the conference. Should the conference be cancelled for any reason, airfares, hotels, or other costs incurred by the participants are not reimbursed by the Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain.

Any participant is allowed to cancel his/her registration but must notify this to the conference organisers by e-mail at [email protected] within a minimum of 10 days
prior the event. Failure to attend the event without prior written notification
by email may incur a no-show fee, which shall cover individual organizational,
material and catering costs.

Name Change
All registrations are only valid for the respective person mentioned in the form. A registered participant unable to attend the conference may nominate (free of charge) a substitute participant by notifying the conference organisers by email at [email protected] before 24th of March 2022. The procedure allows giving the last name, first name, and email address of the new participant.

Personal Data
Upon registration, the participant authorises Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain to use their personal data stated above to inform the participant of any further conferences, events, or information concerning the conference and Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain’s activities. The conference booklet online will only contain authors, titles, and affiliations of submitted abstracts, but no full abstract texts. The conference printed booklet will contain full abstract texts from all participants. Conference certificates will be sent to the participants as a PDF document upon request at [email protected]. Only the name & affiliation will be stated in the certificate, not the email addresses of the participants.

Information is collected by an automated computer system that manages registrations. Security and confidentiality are guaranteed by state-of-the-art technical tools. However, Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain declines any responsibility concerning data security transmitted through the internet.

Photography
The conference is held in public; therefore, we do not ban participants, exhibitors, partners and other companies from taking photographs of conference activities and participants, and share it via social media. By participating in the conference, you approve that general pictures will be taken and used for our Social Media output, our websites and other communication purposes. You hereby waive any right to oppose, and expressly authorise the organiser to make them available on the Internet or as it may seem fit. Author’s presentation slides shall not be photographed by any conference participant.

Disclaimer
The conference organiser cannot be held responsible for any loss, injury or damage to any property, whatever the cause may be. Should, for any reason outside the organiser’s control (e.g., political or economic circumstances or a case of ‘force majeure’), the venue or speakers change, or the event be cancelled, the organiser will endeavour to reschedule, but shall not be held responsible for any costs, damages or expenses incurred by the participants. If for any reason the organiser decides to make material changes to this conference, the organiser is not responsible for airfares, hotels or other costs incurred by the participants. The participant takes part in the conference, all tours, and trips at his own risk.

Copyright
The participant is allowed to use the conference documentation exclusively for his/her personal needs.

TERMS & CONDITIONS

The Dravet Syndrome Conference 2022 is organised by Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain, whose registered office is located at Calle Doctor Fleming, 30, 28036 Madrid, Spain.

The conference shall take place at the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid, at Calle de Santa Isabel, 51, 28012 Madrid, Spain, on Thursday 31st of March 2022. Attendance to this conference is free of charge, but mandatory for organisational reasons. Participants must register online at www.dravetconference.com. Upon registration, each participant will receive an electronic confirmation by email. On-site registration will not be be possible. If a participant has not received the official email registration confirmation within 3 days, they must contact the conference secretariat at [email protected].

The conference registration includes: Attendance to all sessions, oral and visual presentations, all coffee and lunch breaks, and conference documentation with all information about the event. The registration does not include travel and accommodation costs or any other personal expenses.

Admittance to the conference without registration cannot be granted.

Conference Attendance
Upon arrival at the Illustrious Official College of Physicians of Madrid the day of the event, all participants have to register at the onsite Conference Registration Desk. The desk will open on 31st of March at 8:30 a.m. Upon registration onsite, the conference team will provide participants with information about the event and a badge, which should be worn visibly at all times. The personalised badge authorises participants to attend all conference sessions, and lunch and coffee breaks. 

Cancellation Policy
Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain reserves the right to cancel any registration forthwith and without liability on its part in the event of any damage to, or destruction of the venue by fire, shortage of labour, strikes, industrial unrest, public health measures, or any other cause beyond the control of the Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain, which shall prevent it from performing its obligations. In these circumstances, every effort will be made to find an alternative format/venue or propose a new date for the conference. Should the conference be cancelled for any reason, airfares, hotels, or other costs incurred by the participants are not reimbursed by the Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain.

Any participant is allowed to cancel his/her registration but must notify this to the conference organisers by e-mail at [email protected] within a minimum of 10 days prior the event. Failure to attend the event without prior written notification by email may incur a no-show fee, which shall cover individual organizational, material and catering costs.

Name Change
All registrations are only valid for the respective person mentioned in the form. A registered participant unable to attend the conference may nominate (free of charge) a substitute participant by notifying the conference organisers by email at [email protected] before 24th of March 2022. The procedure allows giving the last name, first name, and email address of the new participant.

Personal Data
Upon registration, the participant authorises Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain to use their personal data stated above to inform the participant of any further conferences, events, or information concerning the conference and Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain’s activities. The conference booklet online will only contain authors, titles, and affiliations of submitted abstracts, but no full abstract texts. The conference printed booklet will contain full abstract texts from all participants. Conference certificates will be sent to the participants as a PDF document upon request at [email protected]. Only the name & affiliation will be stated in the certificate, not the email addresses of the participants.

Information is collected by an automated computer system that manages registrations. Security and confidentiality are guaranteed by state-of-the-art technical tools. However, Dravet Syndrome Foundation Spain declines any responsibility concerning data security transmitted through the internet.

Photography
The conference is held in public; therefore, we do not ban participants, exhibitors, partners and other companies from taking photographs of conference activities and participants, and share it via social media. By participating in the conference, you approve that general pictures will be taken and used for our Social Media output, our websites and other communication purposes. You hereby waive any right to oppose, and expressly authorise the organiser to make them available on the Internet or as it may seem fit. Author’s presentation slides shall not be photographed by any conference participant. 

Disclaimer
The conference organiser cannot be held responsible for any loss, injury or damage to any property, whatever the cause may be. Should, for any reason outside the organiser’s control (e.g., political or economic circumstances or a case of ‘force majeure’), the venue or speakers change, or the event be cancelled, the organiser will endeavour to reschedule, but shall not be held responsible for any costs, damages or expenses incurred by the participants. If for any reason the organiser decides to make material changes to this conference, the organiser is not responsible for airfares, hotels or other costs incurred by the participants. The participant takes part in the conference, all tours, and trips at his own risk.

Copyright
The participant is allowed to use the conference documentation exclusively for his/her personal needs.